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Recently I had opportunity to read an article under title “The case against Kosovo independence” written by Miodrag Isakov, ambassador of Serbia in Israel, which is published in “The Jerusalem Post”, December 12, 2007.
However, his simulation is more than a diplomatic nonsense because of fact that he has confounded booth diplomatic and soccer sport rules attempting to justify “Serbian international law” that “traditionally” Serbia has the historical right to rule Albanian Kosova as “its inalienable part” of Serbia’s territory. But the truth is another, in Albanians side.
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By Mehdi Hyseni Ph.D
Kosova has never been legal part of Serbia’s territory and sovereignty, but illegal its colony (1912-1999). Albanians have never been the minority in Kosova, but vast majority from 1371 when they have had their state under Balshaj rulers . This historical fact is unknown for Serbian ambassador in Tel Aviv, and for the Serbian history, politics and diplomacy entirely. On the contrary of this fact, Serbian ambassador Miodrag Isakov this “diplomatic” commentary has written in order to oppose the right of independence of Kosova, trying to “justify” that through his imaginable soccer game between Israel and England: “If I were to say that Israel deserved to qualify for the European championship, most local football fans might agree. Israel played really well - the best ever”.
Okay, if Israel plays very well soccer game, there is no doubt that it will be as one of the first finalist of the world championship, if not there’s no any rules which is going to help it to go ahead in final, regardless desire of its fans. In this case the rules are very clear. Therefore there’s no need to interfere any of international arbiters to help Israel in this case.
To understand this paragraph is not necessary to be acknowledgeable of world classic or modern diplomatic history, but is enough to be objective and realist to say the truth what does Israel mean in this case, and what does England mean in this “ soccer sport diplomatic ” context expounded by Serbian ambassador Miodrag Isakov.
First, on the one side, through Israel is reflected fans “Desire” to go ahead to get championship reason is that “Israel is playing well – the best ever”. Second, whereas in the other side, Serbian ambassador, express oneself “Desire” that England merits also to be qualified for championship because it has long traditional history in soccer game, respectively “England invented the soccer ”. However according through the “deepest diplomatic acknowledge” expressed in sport vocabulary “style” by Miodrag Isakov neither Israel nor England can be qualified for championship as he comes to conclusion because of the fact that he said “there are certain rules and conditions which preclude that from happening.”
Seen diplomatically, Isakov with Israel example has compared Kosova which really plays very good “soccer game” because one plays in its homeland which is in accordance with all definite rules of “international soccer” i.e. in historical, political and diplomatic sense within international community in a consequence of it Kosova got support of the United States, the United Nations, the European Union and NATO in holding of it’s independence. Meanwhile, with England example is compared Serbia under the pretext that one has “long historical tradition upon Kosovo”. In this case, Serbian ambassador tried to say to Serbia allies and supporters that Serbia has historical right on Kosovo because one “legally” is “office-holder”/ “land-owner” of Albanian Kosova. However, this “sportive conclusion” is very wrong and fickle historically because there are no any valid and justifiable arguments that Kosova has ever been Serbia’s land. This is main reason why the international community factors (USA, OUN, EU and NATO) are determined to support independence on Kosova.
However, apart from these arguments, Miodrag Isakov is served with his very limited and thoughtless “diplomatic” appraisals in sportive manner that “Israel and England will not be qualified for championship because there are certain rules and conditions which preclude that from happening”(Ibidem). This is very bed logical mistake of Serbian ambassador’s when he says that “Israel and England cannot move ahead for championship because of the fact that “there are certain rules and conditions” from which depend their qualification to get in finale soccer game.
In this case the international rules and conditions aren’t any kind of stumble-stones, if Israel and England play good soccer, but, if not, the rules and conditions are very clear, nobody can blame ones. If Israel and England will have fallen as a consequence of their week party games, apparently nobody normal individual couldn’t insist “that Israel and England take part in the finals…” regardless of fans “desire” as Serbia’s ambassador Miodrag Isakov was concluded.
This comparison is wrong and absurd in diplomatic sense even though Serbian and Albanian negotiations of Kosova’s status have been fallen during last two years(2005-2007) under the United Nations monitoring mission. That does not mean that Albanian side must be eliminated from the legal support of international community because ones fulfill all designated conditions and rules in accordance with international law and the United Nations Charter to be independent state.
These are fair and legal rules which official Belgrade must take into account if Serbia wants to remain in further soccer games of qualification for the championship, but one didn’t accept these rules of the game of the international professional soccer in appreciation that doesn’t need to play more any game because of the fact that it consider itself the first finalist of the world championship under the international law, the UN Security Council Resolution 1244(June 10,1999), and the United Nations Charter which guarantees “Serbian sovereignty and territorial integrity /that means/ Kosovo is a part of that sovereign state- the Republic of Serbia” (Ibidem).
Apart from this M. Iskaov’s “desire” and invalid explanation in international law context, by which apparently “Kosovo belong to Serbia”, ones cannot be approved by the United Nations Security Council because Serbia doesn’t have historical and international right to hold still Kosovo as “it’s national territory” because of the fact that historically Kosova concerns to ethnic Albania and Albanians, not to Serbia or Yugoslavia as Serbian ambassador “describes” in this commentary for “The Jerusalem Post”. Kosovo has never been legally part of territory and sovereignty of Serbia respectively Yugoslavia, except illegal their classic colony from 1912 to June10, 1999).
No bona fide interpretation of diplomacy and international law
without basic acknowledgement of world history!
Serbian ambassador M.Isakov in Israel doesn’t know history of Albanians and Ethnic Albania in Balkans. As if he knows it, he wouldn’t make a lot of cardinal mistakes in his attempt to interpret the truth of Albanian – Serbian historical and political relations aforetime and today.
Therefore, he wouldn’t have had valid reason to criticize right estimation that “Kosova deserves independence”, asserts through a commentary by his colleague Albanian ambassador Tonin Gjuraj in Israel, published in the same newspaper “The Jerusalem Post” in Telaviv.
As a consequence of unknowingness of Balkan’s history, Serbian ambassador i Tel Aviv, Miodrag Isakov reflects unconsidered arguments in disfavor of independence of Kosova in historical and international law context of his wrong and tendentious thesis interpreted according to colonial history, politics and diplomacy of interest of Greater Serbia (1878-1999).
Ethnic Albania is older than Miodrag Isakov
and his Serbian Hitler colonizers in Balkans
In appreciation wrongly historical retrospective of Ethnic Albania and Albanias in Balkans, Serbian ambassador in Israel, Miodrad Isakov did several historical and political mistakes, as following :
M.Isakov:M.Isakov:An independent Kosovo would be another Albanian state in Europe. “
Mister Serbian ambassador why would be wrong (legally, in the context of the international law) if Kosova will be granted with independence, recognized by the Unite States and European Union(EU)? – Maybe you as Serbian ambassador don’t know that in the world there are many independent states which constituted by the same nation. If you want to be convinced in this truth, please take a look the “world map” in order that next time wouldn’t good for you as ambassador to make such banal historical, politics and diplomatic mistakes, which are not only absurd but and too much comical for public opinion.
M. Isakov: “Two states, side by side, for about four million people - that would be difficult to explain to Israelis who are struggling to preserve a single Jewish state. “
First of all, I need to improve Miodrag Isacov’s falls statistic number that Kosova and Albania as two states have only “four million people”, the truth is not 4.000.000 but around 6.000.000 million people for what Israel doesn’t need to get any kind of explanation from Kosova and Albania because of fact that Israel very well knows that is Albanian’s issue not itself own.
This third mistake really is not only banal but and very provocative, expressed in tradition manner of Serbia’s propaganda only which intend to “convince” Israelis politics and diplomacy that Israel doesn’t need to recognize the independence of Kosova as a “second state” of Albanians in Balkans. This comparison doesn’t concern to state history and politics of Israelis and Israel, in consequence of that Kosova has never been legal part of Serbia, but Ethnic Albania. Therefore, notwithstanding of M. Isakov’s Great Serbian propaganda developed in Tel Aviv in order to poise Israel’s mass-media in disfavor of Kosova’s independence, there’s no doubt that Israel will recognize Kosova’s independence at the same time when United States and European Union recognized it.
Like the United States and European Union and Israel politics and diplomacy ought to decode the Serbian anti-Albanian propaganda with such danger message that intend to bring in confrontation friend relationship between Israelis and Albanians. In this context both Israelis and Albanian have to be very vise to refute “ The slogans Kosova ‘the Serbian Jerusalem’, ‘Old Serbia’, ‘the cradle of Serbia’, ‘unchristianized Albanians’, etc. are a mythological arsenal of the anti-Albanian propaganda, by which the Serbian century long albanophobia has been emphasized.”( www.albanur.net, ibid.).
M.Isakov: “Creating a state for Kosovo could be a first step toward joining it with the Albanian state - that was Hitler's solution. Only during the Hitler period did a so-called Greater Albania exist, and only during the Nazi regime was Kosovo treated as a separate region by itself, named New Albania. “
Miodrag Isakov’s fourth mistake is really shameful, misjudgment and mistrial because of the fact that he has connected Kosova and Albania with “Hitler’s solution” of existing of “Gerater Albania”?! – This allusion is a big untruth as a product of Serbian anti-Albanian propaganda that Kosova doesn’t exist ever as a part of ethnic Albania’s integral territory, but only “during the Hitler period did a so-called Greater Albania…” I must assert that neither during Hitler’s period of the Second Worl War nor before in history of Albanians didn’t exist any “Greater Albania” in Balkans , but Ethnic Albania only which dated from Illyrians historical period.
Why M. Isakov mentions “Hitler’s solution” in this case? – Because he knows that Jews people with full right is allergic to the Hitler’s genocide committed to them. But, this allusion to Albanians toward Serbs it doesn’t make sense because of that that Serbs have been like fascists toward Albanians and Jews people as well as (1844-2008). Through up to now their history, Albanian have never did any terror, genocide or holocaust against Serbs or the other neighbor countries or the other people. But Serbs are that people who with their governments did several genocide toward Albanians and have conquered their ethnic territories such as Kosova, Presheva, Bujanoci, Medvegja, Novi Pazar/Tregu i Ri/, Vranja, Kushumlija, Bllaca, Piroti etj. In a ward, Great Serbia and Serbs proved themselves toward Albanians and Albania like Hitler and his fascist Germany splitting, colonizing and annexing them and their indigenous territories of Ethnic Albania (not at all “Great Albania” which is derived as a propagandistic and political product military weapon of Great Serbia ever after 1844 to 2008.
Historically, Albania and Albanians have had very good friendship relations with Jews , as long as with Serbs ones had very bad and tragic relation because Serbia did genocide to them during Second World War. According to famous Croatian historian and publicist : “Ljubica Stefan retired professor: refugee from Belgrade where she lived for 30 years, researches genocide against Albanians, anti-Semitism and persecution of Jews, as well as the behavior of Serbia and the Serbian Orthodox Church in World War II.”( http://www.hic.hr/books/seeurope/014e-stefan.htm).
Even though, methodically is not preferred to be cited all article or text of cited authors, in this case we did that in order to convince the Serbian ambassador in Tel Aviv that Serbs are that people who have discriminated Jews in Serbia like Hitler’s fascist and Gestapo, the Serbs are that people who discriminate and occupied Albanians applying terror and genocide on them; Serbs look like Hitler’s fascist and Gestapo against Albanians in Kosova, and other ethnic their territories, not Albanians against Serbs such is “described” in his article Serbian ambassador Miodrag Isakov in Tel Aviv in “The Jerusalem Post”, 12.12.2007.
Rightly, by this explicit historical studying of Ljubica Stefan we can see that the Serbs there were fascist enemies toward Serbian Jews and Albanians too like their government during the Second World War, not Albanians at all.
By Ljubica Stefan:
“ANTI-SEMITISM IN SERBIA DURING THE WORLD WAR II
There are still some significant historical facts about Serbia before and during the Second World War which remain suppressed or are even distorted with prejudice, not only in Serbia but also abroad. We believe this to be the consequence of ignorance due to the energetic, and unfortunately successful, propaganda of Yugoslavia and Serbia these past fifty years. Thus, these facts should always be pointed out in a precise and detailed manner whenever this dark period is mentioned, which is, in effect, only just one such period in a series of similar centuries-old ones in Serbian history.
Until today, Serbia has worn a heroes halo in a land of martyrs as a member of the anti-Hitler coalition and an alleged contributor to the victory in the Second World War. This is completely untrue. Serbia was not an unfortunate occupied land subjected to German terror. During the entire war, Serbia was the most faithful ally to the Third Reich on European territory under its domination. As opposed to all the other countries of the former Yugoslavia, there was no organized, and an even less massive, armed anti-Hitler movement. When England finally ceased supporting and exalting Draza Mihajlovic, even Radio London, according to the Serbian press, had Mr. Harrison direct the following warning: "It is up to the Serbs to brighten their reputation and cleanse their blemishes. Serbs, remember! The Greater Serbian hegemony will never return. The other nations in Yugoslavia have been exploited enough by the Serbs. You are being given one more opportunity to save yourselves. There has been enough dawdling and enjoyment on the part of the Serbs while other nations have been fighting."
Serbia was a real state during World War II. It consisted of the following: a government, organized ministries, independent authorities in towns and villages, its own army which was armed by the Germans, and this Nedic’s Serbian State Guard, the Serbian Guard, the elite Ljotic�s Serbian Voluntary Corps, the Serbian Border Guard, the Serbian Country Guard, as well as numerous Cetnik units. Within the Ministry of Internal affairs there was a large, well-organized and well-trained Serbian police force, with numerous prisons, customs services and special police schools. Elementary and secondary schools were in function in the towns and villages. Many newspapers and magazines were being printed as well as a large number of books. New theaters and cinemas were being built. Museums were open. Art shows and concerts were organized. New laws and statutes passed by the Serbian government were published in the "Official Gazette". The Serbian National Bank, with a Serbian governor at its head, printed new Serbian money with an exchange rate in relation not only to the German mark but also to other significant European currency including the kuna. Ancient Serbian flags were hoisted everywhere and the national coat of arms was emphasized. Kosovo and the divine Knez Lazar were celebrated, St. Sava and the Karadjordjevic dynasty were exulted, etc. Until the very final moment, the Serbians believed that they would be rewarded with the creation of a Greater Serbia after Hitler�s victory!
Anti-Semitism was, along with the militant, conquering, genocidal Orthodoxy of St. Sava, one of the constant ideologies and politics of the Serbian Orthodox Church before, during and after the Second World War. This is in effect even today. That is to say, the Serbian Orthodox Church (SPC) is in fact a kind of political party. It is greater Serbian and even racist. Pastoral work has been completely neglected.
Anti-Semitism began to spread in Serbia before the Second World War. The Fascist Party "Zbor", Dimitrij Ljotic, prominent Church dignitaries, as well as the church press, were the main generators of the expansion of anti-Semitism. Ljotic roused the Serbian population with the following types of statements: "The Jewish people use the explosives in their hearts to destroy Christian communities and lead them to their ruin"; "The destructive action of the Jewish spirit may be felt in all domains of human life"; "Judaism is appearing as a cultural and national danger, which we must be free of as soon as possible". Ljotic�s model and idol was the leader of the Third Reich. He praised him in the following manner: "Hitler is the instrument of God�s providence. He is an instrument which can no longer be stopped until his assigned mission has been fully completed." A great number of Orthodox priests were very active members of "Zbor". The most prominent was the main ideologist of Orthodoxy and anti-Semitism in the Serbian church, episcopate Nikolaj Velimirovic who had been decorated by Hitler already in 1934. It was probably in gratitude that he wrote the following in his book about St. Sava in 1935: " We must regard with esteem the present German leader who, in the twentieth century, came up with the idea of St. Sava and as a layman took upon himself a task for his people as befits only a holy man, a genius and a hero." Several years later, in 1939, he publicly preached racism: " We are people of an Aryan race, which fate has given an honorary role... so that tribes of weaker races and inferior faiths will not...". In the "Glasnik Srpske pravoslavne Patrijarsije" (Gazette of the Serbian Orthodox Patriarchate), letters about Jewish people such as the following were common: "Jews are enemies, sly as snakes and dangerous". The same newspaper reported the following statement given by Patriarch Varnava to a German newspaper in 1937. "The Führer, is leading a battle which will benefit mankind", "God has sent the German people, a führer with foresight. We believe his truthful words". Sometime before this Varnava referred to the Soviet government as a "deceiving Jewish gang".
Germany attacked Yugoslavia on April 6, 1941, and without battle on April 12 its army had already entered Belgrade which had been abandoned by the Yugoslav Army and by all authorities since the first day of the war. The unconditional surrender was signed by the generals of the King�s Army on April 17.
On the actual day of the German arrival, Milicevic, the Governor of Belgrade, informed the citizens on a posted notice that the Serbian army was already organized and armed. Several days later, Dragi Jovanovic became the Governor (he held this title until the end of the war), the Chief of the Serbian police, and later the Chief of Serbian Security. The following statement made by SS General Harald Turner, only a month after his arrival in Belgrade, proves the unlimited power of the Serbian police: "I attempted to re-establish the activity of the police system with particular haste. Today, executive power in Serbia is carried out by the police and gendarmes who have been given weapons... internal relations are regulated by local organs without German interference." Dragi Jovanovic himself stated in a report to the Gestapo: "Occupying forces were always able to rely on the Belgrade police. Special Police forces dealt with their assignments with great enthusiasm and success, unlike any other police in any city in all of occupied Europe". In 1946, at his trial in Belgrade, he added: "These results were better and greater than the results of the Gestapo itself in Belgrade."
For the first four months, Milan Acimovic was at the head of Serbia with his Council of Commissars and then, General Milan Nedic, former Minister of the Yugoslavian Army, who had a pro-German and anti-Semitic orientation, took over the leadership in Serbia. Owing to the wholehearted cooperation of all Serbian authorities and the police with the Germans, SS-man Harald Turner, stated the following in 1942: " Serbia is a nation in which the problem of Jews and Gypsies has been solved." Franz Rademacher of the Nazi Ministry of Foreign Affairs reported: "The Jewish problem in Serbia is no longer acute. The only thing left is to solve the legal questions concerning property." The chief of the German Security Service in Serbia, A. Schafer bragged: "Belgrade - the only larger European city which is cleansed of Jews, has become �Judenfrei.�" Let us be reminded of the historical fact that Serbia ingloriously took first place in the genocide against the Jews in Europe just three months after the meeting of Reinhard Heydrich, chief of the German Security Service, Heinrich Muller, chief of the Gestapo and Adolf Eichmann, chief of the Special Department for Jews, which was held on January 20, 1942, at Lake Wansee by Berlin when the decision was made to approach the " final solution to the Jewish problem". Specifically, at the end of April and the beginning of May of that year, the remaining Jews were killed in the Sajmiste concentration camp...
Until now, the Holocaust in Serbia has been an unspoken topic, a taboo. Jewish and Serbian sources offer relatively little data, mostly fragmented. What really happened, nevertheless, may be seen. The following was noted: "Only seven days after their arrival in Belgrade, the Germans announced that all Jews had to register themselves at Tasmajdan (Serbian Police Headquarters). Before then, they had already formed a special police force for Jewish people, with the help of the police, that is, the Civil Government of Belgrade. Every Jew received a yellow band." Another source stated that "Jude" was written on the first bands and had the "stamp of Belgrade�s Governor". On one original preserved band (from a later time, it appears), "Jude" is written in German and "Jevrejin" is written in Cyrillic. The following data was found as well: "The Serbian Ministry of Internal Affairs, who always endeavored to deal with all their responsibilities on time, dealt with the Jewish problem, as well". Also: "From among local traitors, the Gestapo trained the "Special Police" to battle against Jewish-Communistic actions. The special police closely collaborated with the Gestapo and was often the initiator of joint actions. The employees of the police were paid from a fund in which Belgrade Jews were forced to pay 1,400,000 dinars. Rewards for captured or killed Jews were paid from this fund as well..." By May 1941, German authorities had already announced the order by which "Jews were to register with Serbian police authorities", "they cannot be public servants, they must immediately be eliminated by Serbian authorities", so they were further forbidden to pursue a series of independent professions, to go to the theater or cinema, etc. Serbian authorities were declared "responsible for the carrying out of the order" which they immediately set out to do with in a conscientious and thorough manner, with the wholehearted approval of the press. Along with this, they rejoiced in the newspaper at the time: "Jews will never again be doctors, pharmacists, lawyers or judges in Serbia. The Serbs have finally opened their eyes". Dragi Jovanovic, the Serbian Ministry of Justice, even the Musicians� Associations and others, immediately proclaimed their own regulations that Jews turn in all radios and refrigerators even threatening citizens who might be hiding the property of their Jewish friends or providing them with unregistered shelter. They ordered the closing of all Jewish lawyers� offices appointing Serbians in their places. They prohibited Jews to travel on Belgrade streetcars and refused work licenses to Jewish musicians and others. In keeping with the battle for a pure Aryan race, the newspapers started to publish employment offers which had as one of their first stipulations: "that they be of pure Aryan race, without Jewish or gypsy blood". Confirmation of this racial purity was issued by the local Serbian authorities. Nedic�s "Ministerial Council" published the following order: "Property of the Jews who were citizens of the former Kingdom of Yugoslavia on April 15, 1941, belongs to Serbia if it is on Serbian territory, without any compensation". The Serbian Council for the Management of Properties of Serbia of the National Mortgage Bank would then put the properties up for auction, placing an advertisement in the daily papers. The synagogue in Nis, which is now a part of the city museum, was among the properties listed. The Jews also had to pay a sum of 4,834,231 dinars to Belgrade�s Civil Government and a million dinars to the Belgrade municipality. According to a Jewish source, Serbians made up 33% of the buyers of Jewish properties! Some "deserving" Serbians, received, as a reward, a part of the looted Jewish money. The Gestapo Major Karl Krauss, ordered: "commencing July 1, 1941, every month until further notice, a sum of 10,000 dinars will be paid, without receipts, to Belgrade�s Police Chief and a sum of 6,000 dinars to his assistant from money collected from Jews in Belgrade". Other than this, the Gestapo rewarded approximately 30 members of the Special Police with 10 to 20,000 dinars.
The physical liquidation of Serbian Jews began immediately in the spring of 1941. Almost all the men were killed by the autumn and the women and children and the remaining men were liquidated at the end of April and the beginning of May, 1942. The exact number of people killed is not known even from Jewish sources. Historian Jasa Romano, however, has come to the conclusion that 88% of all Serbian Jews were killed. The Serbian historian Sretenije Zrokic says that of the 11,870 Belgrade Jews only 1,115 or 9% survived the war. It was not only the Germans who captured and killed the Jews in Serbia, rather it was the Serbian Police, Nedic�s volunteers and Cetniks. Most were killed in the Sajmiste and Banjica concentration camps. Not a single Jew managed to escape from the camps.
The Banjica camp in Belgrade was established in July 1941 and shut down at the end of September 1944, a month before the withdrawal of the Germans from Belgrade. At a meeting between the Serbian Police and members of the Gestapo in June 1941, it was decided that one of the barracks of the former Yugoslav Army in Belgrade�s suburbs be transformed into a concentration camp. Dragi Jovanovic signed the document to this effect and the first prisoners were brought in on May 9. Svetozar Vujkovic was appointed director of the Serbian part of the camp where there were only Serbian police. The smaller German part was directed by members of the Gestapo. The commander of the camp and along with his assistant were German. The German and Serbian parts of the camps were completely separate.
The prisoners were watched by heavily armed guards: "Machine guns and reflectors were set up on the roofs. Day and night, double guards made up of one SS-man and a gendarme from the Special Police stood watch. Later when the police gained the trust of the occupier, the German guards were withdrawn". The same Serbian source also said: "The camp management apparatus was also made up of prison wardens, headed by their commander, who had been chosen from the ranks of former gendarmes, now members of the Serbian guard."
From partially preserved documents of the Serbian part of the camp we learn that 23,697 people were registered and 3,489 were executed by a firing squad. The German and Serbian police began, at the end of 1943, to destroy the documentation and to excavate and burn the executed bodies so that it is actually not known how many victims perished, nor how many were Jews, Serbs or others. The only thing that is known for certain is: not one Jew left Banjica alive... They were killed along with the other prisoners in the camp yard, shot down in the village of Jajinci at the foot of Avala, at the Jewish and the central cemetery in Belgrade. The Gestapo, the Special Police, and the Serbian National Guard performed the executions together. All the lists found were handwritten in Cyrillic. The prisoners were sent to the camps by the Belgrade Civil Government, the heads of the Serbian municipal police, the Serbian National Guard, Ljotic�s volunteer units, Serbian court-martials, and by regional and district leaders throughout Serbia. Execution lists were drawn up by the Special Police, the camp chief, Vujkovic, the Gestapo commander and his assistant. From the few preserved lists, it can be observed that even children were executed: 22 under the age of 7; 26 under the age of 14; 76 under the age of 17; even mothers with small children in their arms. Belgrade grave-diggers recall: "Members of the Gestapo and Special Police agents would draw women out of armored cars, one by one. Two men would hold each one by the arms and the third would shoot her in the head and then push her into the grave." A Jewish source stated: " From 1942 up to September 1944, Jews, who had found refuge in some villages in Serbia, were brought to the Banjica camp after being caught by Ljotic�s and Nedic�s men, as well as by Cetniks and handed over to the Germans for which they received financial rewards."
The only surviving Jews in Serbia were those who remained unexposed in remote Serbian villages where peasants were hiding them. In a written report after the war, one of the surviving Jews said the following " Draza Mihailovic�s Cetniks, mercilessly pursued Jews in that region, especially the Cetnik units that came from Ravna Gora (Draza�s main headquarters), whom we were forced to hide from just as we had to hide from the Germans. I know that it was these Cetniks who killed several families in that region in the most appalling manner."
The majority of Serbian Jews were killed in the Sajmiste camp. There is no precise information and documentation is almost non-existent, yet it is estimated that the number of victims comes to at least 11,000. The camp was formed on the left bank of the Sava by the railway bridge at the entrance into Belgrade where the pre-war trade fair was located. This is where the name Sajmiste originated. This territory which was, at that time, deserted, uninhabited and marshy, was several kilometers from Zemun and formed a part of NDH (Independent State of Croatia) territory, so the Germans asked for it to be given to them. It is, however, completely untrue that this was an Ustasa camp which Serbian propaganda claims even today. Not one Ustasa ever entered the camp. The commander, Androfer, and his assistant, were SS-men. On Gestapo ruling, order and discipline were maintained by the Camp Council which was comprised exclusively of camp inmates who were at first solely Jews because there were no others and some agents of the Serbian police. Supplies were provided by the "Department of Social Care and Social Institutions of Belgrade�s Municipal Authorities". At the beginning of December 1941, Serbian gendarmes called upon Jews in Belgrade to report to the Special Police and to hand over their house keys. The transfer of Jews, primarily women and children, lasted from December 8 until 12. Conditions in the camp were extremely difficult - the damp and the cold, hunger and epidemics. A Jewish source says: "The food was appalling and often not even the minimal amount of food was supplied. In Nedic�s units there were people who were no better than the Germans themselves." What is almost unbelievable is that even the camp�s German commander protested against the quantity of supplies. The reply of Belgrade�s Municipal Authorities to the Germans was just as unbelievable if not insolent: "Provisions for the Jewish camp will be carried out once all other needs are met."
As camp inmates starved and froze to death, they were transferred over the frozen Sava to Belgrade where they were buried. Many (the number is unknown) were led away to be shot by firing squads in Belgrade. They were killed in the same manner, in the same place and by the same people as were the Banjica prisoners. Some were killed by the Germans in a special gas truck on their way to Belgrade and buried in Jajinci but their number is not known. A Serbian company "Obnova" purchased the clothes of those. Some were led away to camps in other countries (numbers and destination are unknown). When the number of imprisoned Jews began to decrease, Serbian prisoners and others began to arrive. One of these prisoners recalls: "The criminals were the same as those in Banjica. The commanders were also the same - Germans, Nedic�s men and other Serbian fascists". According to some data, all Jews in that camp were liquidated before May 9, 1942. Belgrade had become "Judenfrei"....
Another surviving Serbian camp inmate, wrote in his book of memoirs: "Several thousand Jews passed through the Sajmiste camp... Long lines of sad histories were written on the walls of the pavilions and in many places artistic portraits were completed. For days we returned to these final traces of thousands of people. There were surviving Serbians who told us various details about the life of the Jews in Sajmiste and who had allowed the Jews to write their final parting thoughts and vows ." Today, there is not a trace of these words at Sajmiste. Which of the "liberators" erased, destroyed and eradicated their every trace? Consequently, in the pavilions that remain today, consisting of offices and warehouses, there is not even a small plaque commemorating that this was the scene of a horrific concentration camp for Jews. On February 11, 1993, the European parliament adopted the Resolution on European and International Protection of Concentration Camps as Historical Monuments. But it seems this does not pertain to camp Sajmiste. Sajmiste, the largest Jewish execution camp in Serbia, is not even listed among the names of the 22 largest camps for Jews in Europe in the Memorial Center Jad Vashem in the Hall of Memoirs in Jerusalem. Of all the camps in the former Yugoslavia, Jasenovac is the only name listed! Does this intentionally imply that all Serbian Jews were apparently killed in the NDH in Jasenovac?
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Finally, how did the Serbian Orthodox Church (SPC) act during World War II? Not one word of condemnation of the genocide, the yellow bands, the concentration camps or the racism was ever heard from them. Immediately upon the arrival of the Germans, representatives of the Holy Synod paid homage to the German military commander and stated, first in print and then in person: " The Holy Orthodox Synod will loyally carry out the laws and commands of the occupying and territorial authorities and will, through its organs, endeavour to effect the complete abidance of order, peace and obedience." The synod remained loyal to their promise until the end and it never violated its promise given to the "father of Serbia" General Milan Nedic that "the Serbian Orthodox Church will, in the spirit of St. Sava�s Orthodox tradition, continue to fight on his side". There are no known cases of any Serbian Orthodox priest saving the life or attempting to save the life of one Jew, although some of them often openly expressed anti-Semitic attitudes in their sermons, instigating their congregation against Jews. Metropolitan Josif, as the head of the Serbian church during war time, signed orders that Jews be forbidden to transfer to the Orthodox faith, even though this would have saved them. Three episcopates were the first to sign the "Appeal to the Serbian people" of August 1941, in which over 500 of the intellectual elite of Serbia publicly expressed their support of the occupiers and quislings, which was a unique case in war-affected Europe.
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One clear manifestation of Serbian anti-Semitism was the anti-Masonic, specifically the anti-Jewish exhibition which opened in Belgrade on October 22, 1941 and which was to support and justify the genocide against the Jews in Serbia and in Europe. Apart from the exhibits at the show, an overwhelming amount of propaganda material was prepared (over 200,000 various brochures, 60,000 posters, 100,000 leaflets, 108,000 copies of nine different post cards, 176 various cinema advertisements, four types of postal stamps, etc.). The organizers boasted: "Such a conceived exhibition will be unique, not only in Serbia but in the Balkans as well, not only in south-eastern Europe and Europe, but in the world". The press awakened the national pride of the people: "The success of the Belgrade exhibition has surpassed Serbia�s borders and received deserved recognition by the press in entire Europe". The pride of the organizers was directed to a truly unique occurrence in Europe during the war, this being the anti-Jewish stamps which showed abominable racist drawings, and which were to, according to requests by Serbian anti-Semites, "in the entire world, for all time, serve as the most convincing evidence of how one nation awakened when faced with the danger of disappearing(?)". Milan Nedic expressed "his complete gratitude to the organizers and believes that the exhibition will have a great educational impact, because it systematically displays, in a clear manner, the work of the enemy of the nation and the people".
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Much time has passed since what has been described in Serbia, but anti-Semitism in Serbia, like the vampire, does not die. In 1985, the Serbian eparchy in Western Germany printed a book in Serbian and in Cyrillic written by the already deceased episcopate, Nikolai Velimirovic, supposedly in 1945 in the Dachau camp. The fact that this is completely untrue is another theme. The book preaches to the Serbian Orthodox people: "Today, Europe is primarily the battlefield of the Jews and the father of the Jewish devil. Europe is not aware of this and in this lies the dark tragedy of its peoples. Europeans, Christians and the anointed, have completely surrendered themselves to the Jews. They think as the Jewish people do, they have adopted Jewish programs, accepted Jewish lies as the truth, they travel the same paths as Jews and they serve Jewish goals". There was no reaction from either side. In 1991, the Serbian Orthodox Church organized the spectacular transfer to Serbia of the remains of this anti-Semitic ideologist. The newsletter of the Serbian patriarchy "Pravoslavlje" printed an article in January 1992 by their correspondent in Israel "Jews Crucify Christ Once More", with the following allegations: "Many Israelis are sick with hatred for the Christians. The hatred is open among the ordinary people. Politicians are perfidious and work in secret.", etc. etc... Two weeks later, the Holy Orthodox Synod announced that the text " sounds anti-Semitic, things are carelessly reported" and at the same time claimed: "the phenomenon of anti-Semitism and anti-Judaism is completely alien to the tradition and history of the Serbian Orthodox Church". In February 1992, the Belgrade "Borba" wrote that at the entrance to the Jewish cemetery, someone had written: "Death to Jews and all Jewish p....", but the whole affair was covered up. The "Tanjug" news agency announced a few days later that "the Jewish lobby had arranged the diplomatic recognition of Croatia and Slovenia by Russia". One of Seselj�s commanders stated in Subotica that the property of Jews (and Croats) should be confiscated. In August 1993, the president of the Jewish community in Belgrade, commenting on their relations with the Orthodox Church, stated in a conversation with Zagreb Jews that the Orthodox Church "still preaches deicide and is still streaked with anti-Semitism". Two months ago, in an Israeli newspaper, we learn that "a member of the Serbian parliament has accused the Jews of stabbing Serbia in the back".
It seems as if the "Borba" journalist was correct when he concludes his article with the following words: " Propagandistic platitudes on the non-existence of anti-Semitism in Serbia do not correspond to reality: there has always been anti-Semitism in Serbia".
It is true, history does not repeat itself in Serbia, it merely continues in a uninterrupted series...
As do certain statements made by Serbian intellectuals, for instance: "it is a propaganda lie that Serbians liquidated Jews during the Second World War and that anti-Semitism was present in Serbia before the war and is present now!" This statement was made by Dr. Ljubo Tadic�s, a professor of the Faculty of Arts in Belgrade and a Serb, and Dr. Andrija Gams, professor at the Faculty of Law, sadly, a Serbian Jew.”(Source: ://www.hic.hr/books/seeurope/014e-stefan.htm).
Mr. Serbian ambassador Miodrag Isakov in Tel Aviv to get more historical, political and diplomatic acknowledge about Albanians and Kosova, respectively Ethnic Albania in Balkans could read as following my additional essay which is published last year in some Albanians and English mass-media.
Lastly, my suggestion to Serbian ambassador in Israel, Miodrag Isakov is :- Mr. ambassador don’t try to manipulate and speculate with Israel people, and to poise them with your Serbian genocide propaganda against Albanians because Israel and its people have sufficient historical, political and diplomatic knowledge about Albanians, Kosova and Albania in Balkans.
By Mehdi HYSENI, Ph.D.
HISTORY AND INTERNATIONAL LAW, YES FULL INDEPENDENCE OF ALBANIAN KOSOVA!
ABSTRACT: Kosova is colonial, not minority “new issue” ( arise from 1990 when SFRY was destroyed by Slobodan Milosevic’s genocide and militarist Serbia) as Serbian government and Serbian Orthodox Church are trying to manipulate with it in the face of the international community. However, the historical truth is that Kosova was under colonial rule of Serbia, respectively the Kingdom of Yugoslavia ( Serbs, Croats and Slovens) /1918-1941/, the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia(1945-1990) , and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) /1990-2006/. As a result of the colonial, genocide and annexation rule of Yugoslavia, respectively Serbia on Kosova and the another indigenous territories of the Ethnic Albania (1912- 1999), Albanian people and Ethnic Albania separated in two parts in favor of the enlargement of the Serbia’s territory. This is the main cause why Kosova had struggled through centuries/1878-1999/ to realize its the right of the self-determination and full independence from Serbia.
In this context ought to act rightly, legally and democratically the main factors of the international community (USA, OUN, EU, NATO etc.) to resolve the final status of Albanian Kosova. Regarding to this important universal and principle approach of Kosova’s colonial problem, the author of this essay was obliged to make one thing absolutely clear: Without granting of the external self-determination to Kosova, there’s no doubt that Balkans cooperation, security and peace will remain fragile and dangerous not only for the Balkans peoples, but also for European Union, and in the wide sense.
Otherwise, every another approach (such is decentralization which theoretically and practically means disintegration of the integral native territory of Kosova in favor of the Serbian colonist minority(8%) will be in the deepest contradiction with international law, and the UN charter. If the international community want to bring together different peoples with diversity history, culture and civilization in this case it must respect the right of the self-determination to all of them which still haven’t get their independence from their colonized regimes such as the drastic case of the Serbia with its colony of Albanian Kosova.
All of us should be aware that multiethnic, integrated and pluralist societies within Europe and all of the world too, can be create in the real sense, if we apply the same international norms and standards(not double, or different ones). Also, “The new world order can only be realized if all states, large and small, respect the United Charter.” (Robert Jackson, The Global Covenant-Human Conduct in a World States, Oxford University Press, New York, 2000, p.3).
At first, I must confess that as all of the Albanian people inside the Ethnic Albania, and in diaspora too, I also as an inalienable part of one, appraise at high level with respect and devotion all of up to now attempts (political, diplomatic, economical, humanitarian and military) of the United States of America, managed and governed by the state administration of the ex-president Bill Clinton and the actual president George W. Bush in revival, life-saving and universal protection ( moral, humanitarian, democratic, legal etc.) of Albanian people and Kosova. But, being that this is very important historical moment as well as the last chance to resolve properly the final status Kosova according to the external self-determination, particularly the United States and the United Nations need to take into account historical right and International Law, not heterogeneous geopolitics, economics and military interests of the Europe which morally and legally is responsible for its unimproved historical and political mistakes toward Albania and Albanians which did twice through The Congress of Berlin (June 13 - July 13, 1878) and The London Conference of Ambassadors 1913, dividing them in two parts, and annexed them to Serbia, Greece and Montenegro.
The historical background 1878-1999 /briefly/
These indisputable historical facts prove that origins of the conflict between Serbian and Albanians aren’t of the new date from Titos Yugoslavia (1945-1989), respectively from Slobodan Milosevic Yugoslavia (Serbia+ Montenegro, 1989-2000), but is very old since 1878; 1912-1913 as we mentioned above. However, by then up to now Albanians never stopped their attempts and struggles against Serbian colonial rule and genocide in order to release themselves and bring back their indigenous territories of the ethnic Albania. This our conclusion in favor of the historical and the self- determination of the Albanians and Kosova witness and follows arguments : (I) Albanian Kosova has been inhabited by the Illyrians, who are the ancestors of the present day Albanians who constitute over 90% of its inhabitants, and henceforth must be rightly called Albanian Kosova. (II) Also, in 1878, Kosova was part of natural Albania because of this fact in the same year (as a counter-replay to anti-Albanian resolutions, adopted by the Congress of Berlin) was founded the Albanian League of Prizren (1878) in sign of the revolt against the Ottomans, but for a short time it was destroyed by the military intervention of Russia and the Ottomans, which led the Great Powers’ Congress of Berlin in 1878 to enable Serbia and Montenegro to steal Albanian lands and to genocide the Albanians for the second time. That was the Russian intervention in favor of the Serbia and Montenegro which destroyed peaceful coexistence in the Balkans and is still destroying it. (III) Albanian Kosova was a legal part of the independent of Albania (November 28, 1912). But it was invaded by military Serbia which committed genocide against its indigenous people. The injustice done by severing Albanian Kosova from its motherland was crowned in the London Conference of Ambassadors (December 1912- August 1913).(IV) In 1918 Albanian Kosova was inclusive in the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes by force and genocide, but it was flagrant act of colonialism, dividing Albanian territories, and giving rise to the Albanian right to the decolonization of Albanian Kosova. During 1918-1919 Albanian Kosova’s struggle for independence was crushed through genocide crimes committed for the fourth time by the Serbs against its indigenous people, including the importation of Serbian colonists in Kosova, respectively in Ethnic Albania. According to articles 20 and 22.4 of the Covenant of the League of Nations, the severance of Albanian Kosova from Ethnic(natural) Albania is declared null and void and its independence from the colonizing Power is provisionally recognized.
In violation of the Covenant of the League of Nations, Albanian Kosova was colonized in the period 1918-1941 by the Kingdom of Yugoslavia and was officially declared and treated as a colony, through implanting Serbian colonists, expelling hundreds of thousands of the indigenous Albanian people, economic and mental persecution, terror, and liquidation; that is genocide. Turkey took part in that genocide operation be expelling over 300.000 Albanian from Albanian Kosova to Istanbul, according to the Gentlemen Agreement with Yugoslavia in 1938.
Being that that Albanian Kosova it’s not a legal property of Serbia and Serbs, Albanian people shouldn’t agree with imposition of the “conditional independence “ of Kosova because one has never been Serbia’s territory, but Ethnic Albania’s integral natural, historical and geopolitical part. This is the main reason why Albanians shouldn’t give up from their historical and legitimate right of Kosova. While, Serbian minority of 8% doesn’t have any legal right to call upon that Kosova is part of Serbia, because one is colonial remnant in Kosova from 1912 when Serbia by genocide and military force colonized and annexed Kosova. This our conclusion proves and Serbian historian Dubravka Stojanovic (Professor at Philosophic Faculty of Belgrade University) : “For Serbia the First Balkan War was the greatest historical moment, but for Albanians the same war was the biggest trauma because of the Great Powers of Europe adopted their unjust resolution of dividing of Albania in two parts, and Kosovo annexed to Serbia” (RSE, October 22,2002). Also, as a professor Dubravka Stojanovic was written: “ In 1912, Serbia, very fast, militarily entered and occupied territory of Kosovo, Novi Pazar and a part of Macedonia”. (THB1NL (3 Februar, 2007 - 15:54).
These historical based facts, expounded by Dubravka Stojanovic that Kosova was colonized by Serbia, also, are interlaced accurately by prof.dr.Robert Jackson : “Kosovo had long been part of the Ottoman Empire when it was conquered by Serbia in 1912. That right of conquest was confirmed by the League of the Nations at the end of the First World War by the inclusion of Kosovo in the new state of Yugoslavia.” (Robert Jackson, The Global Covenant- Human Conduct in a World of States, Oxford University, New York, 2000, p.278).
It’s important to stress the fact that, and during the Second World War the status of Albanians of Kosova was remained unchanged, even though “in January 2, 1944 was hold the meeting of the National Liberation Movement about Kosova political status which as known as the Bujan Conference. In this conference was adopted the Bujan Resolution, which defined Albanian Kosova as a sovereign entity and a part of Albania and expressed its aim remain part of the Albanian state after the end of the Second World War. But the partisan army led by Tito crushed its indigenous people by committing all possible means of genocide against them.” (Noel Malcom, Kosovo a Short History, Harper Perennial, New York, 1999, p.307-308)
After the end of the war in Yugoslavia (1945) in violation, and contrary to the purposes and principles of the United Nations Charter, according to the Yugoslavia’s Federal Constitution of 1946, Albanian Kosova and its indigenous Albanian people were annexed by force of the Yugoslavia. According to the international law, this is an act of colonialism because of the fact it was against the will of Albanian people. In the same outlaw manner in 1989 (after Slobodan Milosevic took power in SRFY), Albanian Kosova was again illegally and by force annexed by the Republic of Serbia, which matter breaks any structural connection between the two entities, and constitutes the obstruction of Albanian Kosova’s exercise of its independence, statehood and sovereignty. This annexation was by force, and the commission of all forms of total obstruction of the internal self-determination which Albanian Kosova had according to the constitution of the SFRY in the 1974. As a consequence all of these mentioned Serbia’s condemnable acts according to the Article 2 (4) of the United Nations Charter, and the international law, in July2, 1990, Kosova’s parliament adopted the Declaration of independence of Albanian Kosova; (2) the Constitution of September 7, 1990 (known as Kacanik’s Constitution) declaring Albanian Kosova a republic ; (3) the Declaration of September 22,1991 as a sovereign independent state with the right of constitutional participation in the league of sovereign republic-states of Yugoslavia;(4) the Declaration of October 19, 1991 of Albanian Kosova as a sovereign independent republic on the basis of the Referendum held from September 26 through 30, 1991 in the presence of international observers, with 87,01% of the electorate voting, from which 99,87% voted in favor of independence from the SFRY. This Referendum was according to the contemporary international law, and the UN Charter as well as to these resolutions, adopted by the Assembly of the United Nations: (i) Res.637(VII) Dec.16,1952.Right of Peoples and Nations to Self- Determination, (ii) Res.1514(XV) Dec.1960 on granting independence to dependent peoples; (iii) Res.2160 (XXI) Nov.30,1966. Forcible action depriving people of right to self-determination; (iv) Res. 2200(XXI) Dec.16,1966. International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, Art.1; International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, Art.1.; (v) Res.(XXV) Nov.30,1970. Emphasizing importance of universal realization of self-determination and condemning denial especially to people of southern Africa and Palestine; (vi) Res.33/44 Dec.13,1978. Decolonization; (vii) Res.34/103 Dec 14,1979. Hegemonism, and so on.
Ahtisari’s plan must be in compliance with international law, and historical right of Alba- nians to Kosova
& ;nbs p; All of the international actors (USA, UN, EU, NATO, Contact Group) involved in settlement of Kosova’s status, morally and legally are obliged to take into account valid and objective arguments according to historical and juridical rights of both parts (Serbian and Albanian) in conflict. Really, in this context is prepared and the United Nation plan on Kosova which in February 2, 2007 was delivered and presented by its envoy, Marti Ahtisari to Serbian authorities in Belgrade and Albanian government in Prishtina. However, Marti Ahtisari’s plan about Kosova, official Belgrade at the same day rejects by motivation that one imply independence of Kosova. Meanwhile, Albanian part accepted it with reluctance and pleasure hoping that the UN special envoy Marti Ahtisari will get in consideration its additional proposals to be completed his plan before submitted it to the Security Council of the United Nations.
Like Albanian part in Pristina as well as mentioned relevant parts of international community (particularly USA) who invested, and really interested to resolve of Kosova’s issue needn’t hurried with approving of Marti Ahtisari’s plane because one "omitted" the external self-determination of Kosova. This is a main reason why Marti Ahtisari’s Plan couldn’t be presented to the UN Security Council before being completed with this important and unavoidable legal clause which is in conformity to " the Declaration Granting Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples and Declaration on Principles of International Law Concerning Friendly Relations and Cooperation among States in Accordance with the Charter of the UN"(See: GA Resolution 1514(XV),14 December 1960; and GA Resolution 2625(XXV),24 October 1970).
These are the main rational and legal reasons why Kosova must be granted with full-external independence, not only with internal independence such as Marti Ahtisari’s Plan expected as a first reasonable step. Indeed, Kosova’s government isn’t in situation to refuse Marti Ahtisari’s proposed plan, like did Serbia, but morally, historically and legally is obliged to give its additional suggests and proposals which concern to the settlement of the final political status of Kosova in compliance to recognize the full right of the self-determination of 2 millions Albanian people who are the "hostages" of the colonial Great Serbia from 1912/1913 to June 10, 1999.
In this context, Marti Ahtisari’s plan must take in consideration and these important historical and juridical reasons and arguments who are directly connected to the granting of full independence of Kosova. First, historically, Kosova has never been legal part of Serbian territory, but only genocidal and colonial plunder disjoined from the historical, geopolitical and integral territory of the ethnic natural Albania by the European Great Powers (19113).
Second, Kosova belongs to the civilization (history, culture and language etc.) of the Western Europe because Albanians are Illyrians descendants, not at all Slaves or Muslims as Serbian quasi-history, politics and propaganda of the Serbian State and Orthodox Church try to sophisticate their history for centuries in the face of the world in order to hide their centennial colonial genocides committed on Albanians and ethnic Albania (1846-1999).
On the contrary of the Serbian invented myth about Kosova battle 1389, which symbolize ancient history and right of Serbia and Serbs to Kosova, "Serbia does not have a continuous history on Kosova. For several hundred years, Kosova was not part of Serbia, because there was no Serbia to be part of: during most of long Ottoman period, Serbia did not exist as an entity at all. Kosova was annexed de facto by Serbia within living memory, in 1912; de jure it wasn’t annexed by the Serbian kingdom at all".(See excellent book, Introduction : Kosova a Short History by Neol Malcolm, New York, 1999, p.xxxv). Also, Serbia and Serbs haven’t their religious and culture "cradle" in Kosova because "the seat of the Serbian Orthodox Church was not founded in Kosova; it merely moved there after its original foundation in central Serbia was burnt down. Nor does the Patriarchate have any continuous history as an institution in Kosova…, but in Rascia(Serbia), an area beyond Kosova’s north- western border, and most of the important early medieval Serbian monastires and churches were built outside Kosova itself." (Ibidem, p. xxxv).
There’s no dilemma that historically Kosova was Albanian territory, not Serbian as has written with incontestable arguments Prof.Dr. Noel Malcolm in his mentioned excellent and realistic book about Kosova. Indeed, that Kosova has never been Serbian land, but Albanian which in 1371 has been part of the Albanian feudal state of the Balshas which was defeated by the Ottomans in 1389.
Third, Kosova isn’t Serbian minority problem (as official Belgrade and Serbian Orthodox Church are manipulating with 8% of Serbs in Kosova under the pretext that they are victims of the Albanian majority of 90%. This is falls argument which Serbia, and Serbian Orthodox Church are using to blame Albanians, instead to blame themselves for all their colonial aggressions and genocides toward Kosova- Albania and Albanians ), but ancient colonial problem which must be resolved in accordance with International Positive Law and the United Nations Chart. Fourth, in order to reach definitely political compromise between Serbs and Albanians, Marti Ahtisari’s plan must include the necessary international juridical clause of the external self- determination which theoretically and practically means full independence of Kosova, not internal which directly and indirectly Belgrade want to be implied to Kosova by international community because it will be only "legal way" to keep still its colonial plunder like 100 years ago (1878-2007).
Basically, Marti Ahtisari’s plan about final status of Kosova should be accepted by Pristina’s government and Albanian political parties, only if it contains the full external independence of Kosova, otherwise won’t be changed the status quo of Kosova, event though Marti Ahtisari’s plan expect conditional independence of Kosova under international oversee i.e. the European Union (EU) which (politically) could consider as a first "equilibrate" and "fair" step by the international community, it won’t be a good guaranty in the service of international legality for peace and justice for all.
As the United States as well as the United Nations, European Union, NATO etc. should bear in mind the fact that only way to reach historical compromise between disputed parts, and lasting peace and stability in Balkans is immediately recognition of the external self-determination of Kosova as a independent, sovereign, democratic and multiethnic state within which will be include and respect the rule of law and all human rights to the all ethnic and religious minorities.
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